The Science Behind Seasonal Colds: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Date Created: 28 Feb 2025

Common cold is the most frequently caused viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (URTI) in humans, usually affecting the nose & throat.

Did you know, more than 200 types of viruses may cause common cold but the most frequent one is the rhinovirus, which is thought to be responsible for at least 50% of colds. Other viruses that can cause cold include coronavirus, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus. 

But how does it spread, what symptoms it causes and how can you protect yourself from getting infected? 

In this blog, we will understand the details about common cold, how it spreads, the symptoms it causes and how to prevent the same.

Understanding the science behind these viral infections can help you recognize symptoms, identify causes, and implement effective prevention strategies.

The Science behind colds- why is common cold caused?

Common cold is primarily caused by viral infections. These viruses thrive in colder months due to reduced humidity, which allows them to survive longer and spread more easily. Additionally, people spend more time indoors during winter, leading to closer contact and higher chances of transmission. 

A cold begins when the virus gets attached to the moist lining of the body like eyes, mouth, nose or throat. Upon entry into the host, the virus triggers an immune response that causes inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. 

Transmission

Common cold is highly contagious and can spread through various mechanisms:

• Direct Contact: The virus can be transferred from person to person through handshakes, hugs or touching contaminated surfaces. Once a person touches their face, the virus can enter through the moist surfaces of the body.
• Airborne Transmission: Coughing or sneezing releases droplets containing the virus into the air. These droplets of saliva contain fomites which can be inhaled by others nearby.
• Environmental Surfaces: Viruses can survive on surfaces for several hours, making it easy to contract the infection by touching contaminated objects.

The progression of symptoms typically follows four stages:

1. Incubation Period: This stage lasts anywhere from 12 hours to up to three days.
2. Symptom Onset: Symptoms of a cold usually peak within one to three days.
3. Remission: Symptoms start to lessen and eventually go away within 3 to 10 days.
4. Recovery: Some symptoms may be present for up to 2 weeks but are mild and a person generally feels back to normal.

Symptoms of common cold

Symptoms typically include:

• Runny or Stuffy Nose: Increased mucus production leads to nasal congestion.
• Body Aches and Fatigue: General malaise and headaches are common as the immune system responds to infection.
• Sore Throat: Inflammation in the throat often occurs as a result of post-nasal drip.
• Cough and congestion: A persistent cough may develop as the body attempts to clear mucus from the airways.
• Sneezing: This is a reflex action triggered by irritation in the nasal passages.
• Low-Grade Fever: Occurs particularly in children.
• A general feeling of being unwell.

Treatment and Tips for preventing the spread of cold

As such there is no vaccine available for cold, only symptomatic treatments can be done to decrease the severity of symptoms. 

For the best cold relief medicine, look for natural remedies that target symptoms effectively and safely. 

Preventing the spread of cold is crucial, especially in crowded settings where transmission is more likely.

Here are some effective strategies you can follow:

1. Hand Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds can significantly reduce the risk of infection. If soap and water are unavailable, use a hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol.
2. Avoid Touching Face: Minimize contact with your eyes, nose, and mouth to prevent viruses from entering your body.
3. Cover Coughs and Sneezes: Use a tissue or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. 
4. Disinfect Surfaces: Regularly clean frequently touched surfaces such as doorknobs, light switches, computer keyboards and mobile devices with disinfectant wipes.
5. Maintain Social Distance: Avoid close contact with individuals showing symptoms of a cold.
6. Stay Hydrated and Eat Well: Incorporate lots of fluids in your diet to help recover faster.
7. Stay Home When Sick: If you or someone in your household is ill, it is best to stay home to prevent spreading the virus to others.
8. Boost Immunity: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through proper nutrition, regular exercise, adequate sleep and stress management can help strengthen your immune system against infections.
9. Use a Humidifier: Adding moisture to the air can soothe a dry throat and relieve nasal congestion.
10. Over-the-counter medications: Decongestants, antihistamines and pain relievers prescribed by the physician can alleviate symptoms.
11. Gargle with Warm Salt Water: This eases a sore throat and reduces swelling.
12. Nasal Drops: Use natural and safe medicated vapors for blocked nose to relieve congestion.
13. Inhalation Therapy: Steam inhalation, particularly with essential oils, helps clear nasal passages and ease breathing. It is a highly effective, natural remedy for managing cold symptoms.

Inhalade contains a unique blend of all-natural and essential oils which transforms regular steam into a potent therapeutic experience and is an ideal aid for inhalation. It helps:

• Relieve nasal congestion
• Soothe inflamed sinus tissues
• Loosen mucus, making it easier to expel

Conclusion

While there is no cure for the common cold, understanding its causes and symptoms can help to manage the health proactively. By adopting simple yet effective methods, such as staying hydrated, resting adequately, and utilising steam inhalation, you can alleviate discomfort and support your recovery. 

Using Inhalade is especially useful for relieving nasal congestion, minimizing sinus pressure, and preventing secondary infections.

Remember that prevention is the key; practising good hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can significantly reduce your risk of catching a cold. If symptoms persist or worsen, consulting a healthcare professional is always advisable for tailored advice and treatment options.

Gaining insight into the science and implementing basic preventive steps can help you avoid seasonal colds and sustain year-round wellness.